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 首页 >> 技术文章 >>  ASTM玩具易燃性檢測標準
ASTM玩具易燃性檢測標準

──────────────────                                                                
ASTM F 963-91                                                                                       
4.2節──玩具耐燃性要求                                                                             
──────────────────                                                                
Flammability Requirements                                                                       
凡是玩具或玩具配件使用之材料均需符合下列要求︰                                                      
A.紡織品材料︰                                                                                      
  玩具或玩具配件所使用之紡織材料依照16 CFR Section 1610之要求。                                     
B.紡織品外其他材料︰                                                                                
  玩具或玩具配件所使用之硬質或軟質固體材料,依照16 CFR Section                                      
1500.3(c)(6)(iv)之要求。                                                                            
前言︰                                                                                              
  所有紡織品不論是天然的或合成纖維,皆為易燃物。                                                    
  因此,當這些易燃的紡織品成衣料穿在人們身上,若不幸燃燒時就會對                                    
人造成傷害。也因為如此,我們擔心當它做成玩具時,不幸燃燒而對小孩                                    
也會造成傷害。                                                                                      
紡織品類耐燃性試驗                                                                                  
16 CFR CHII PART 1610-STANDARD                                                                      
FOR THE FLAMMABILITY OF CLOTHING                                                                    
TEXTILE                                                                                             
A.目的                                                                                              
  減少因燃燒而造成的意外傷害及生命損失,同時以燃燒之等級來分,以                                    
便使大家知道該如何防範較具危險性的紡織品。                                                          
B.範圍                                                                                              
  一般紡織品皆適用此方法,但是帽子、手套、襪子以及做為裡襯的布織                                    
物(interlining fabric)不適用。                                                                    
C.等級                                                                                              
  (a)Class 1-Normal flammability 正常燃燒︰                                                         
  原文︰(1)Textile without nap, pile, tufting,flock or other                                        
type of raised-fiber surface.(平面織物)                                                           
  中譯︰當洗前或經過乾洗以後,其燃燒時間必須大於、等於4秒或不著                                     
火。                                                                                                
  原文︰(2)Napped, pile,tufting,flocking or other textile having                                    
a raised-fiber surface.(起毛織物)                                                                 
  中譯︰當洗前或經過乾洗以後,其燃燒時間必須大於7秒或當刷毛部分                                     
燃燒但底層沒燃燒,或火燄著布點熔化。                                                                
  (b) Class 2-Intermediate flammability 中度燃燒︰(介於Class 1                                     
Class 3 之間)                                                                                    
  (1)起毛織物︰當洗前或經過乾洗以後,其燃燒時間從4秒到7秒之間。                                     
  (c) Class 3-Rapid and intense buring 急速和激烈的燃燒。                                           
(1)平面織物︰當洗前或經過乾洗以後,其燃燒時間小於4秒。                                            
  (2)起毛織物︰當洗前或經過乾洗以後,其燃燒時間小於4秒且底層也燃                                    
燒。                                                                                                
D.測試方法                                                                                          
  (1)樣品︰分為原樣品應乾洗、水洗後之樣品兩種,每種測試皆取樣品                                     
五個(經向3個,緯向2個)                                                                            
  (2)儀器︰45°防火測試機─Fig 1;刷毛機Fig 2                                                   
           乾洗後滾筒及乾洗劑;                                                                             
           烘箱105℃±5℃;                                                                               
           乾燥器─內含矽膠凝體乾燥劑;                                                                     
           棉線︰經絲光處理柔軟加工之50支白棉線;                                                           
           燃料─丁烷氣體;                                                                                 
           試樣夾─用以固定樣品,其樣品寬長為2〞×6〞(inch                                               
                  Fig. 3)。                                                                                     
(3)程序︰                                                                                         
3.1將試樣貼黏在不銹鋼試樣夾中,若試樣為毛面纖維則需用刷毛機將毛                                     
   向刷立。                                                                                         
3.2裝妥後的試樣放置於105±5℃的烘箱中至少30分鐘。                                                   
3.3取出烘乾後的試樣放置於乾燥器內至少15分鐘。                                                       
3.4打開打烷開關,同時調整火燄至5/8 inch 長。                                                        
3.5取試樣放置在45°的斜板上,掛好固定線,並在其末端吊掛重錘。                                       
  20 g)。                                                                                        
3.6關上滑門並歸零。                                                                                 
3.7按下接觸鈕,使火燄與試樣進行一秒鐘之接觸。(由乾燥器中取出試                                     
   樣至與火燄接觸之全部程序需在45秒內完成)。                                                       
3.8若試樣易燃,則燃燒的火燄循試樣往上燃燒並燒毀重錘線令其落下此                                     
   時計時器停止計時,並記錄其停止時之秒數。                                                         
3.9其餘之試樣依同法操作。                                                                           
3.105片試樣中有燃燒秒數低於4秒(平面纖維製品)或燃燒秒數低於4                                     
    秒(毛面纖維製品)或判定之級數為3級者即失敗,則取其失敗之方                                     
    5片重新測試。                                                                                 
E.記錄結果及判斷                                                                                    
┌────────┬──────────────┬────┬─────────┐                    
                                     │ 有/否 │                                                                
│ 符       號                 釋   │燃燒時間│      評   級                                         
├────────┼──────────────┼────┼─────────┤                    
A.平面織物                                                                                                                                 
├────────┼──────────────┼────┼─────────┤                    
1.D.N.I.         │在標準1秒內火燄點著樣本布面 │ 否       Class 1                                          
Did Not Ignite                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                                    
├────────┼──────────────┼────┼─────────┤                    
2.B.B.          │在標準1秒內火燄點著樣本布面 │      Class 1:>=4(pass                    
Base Burn        │,火燄順著布面一直往上延燒,│   Class 3:<4(fail)                             
                 │燃燒時間直到停線斷                                                                                                 
├────────┼──────────────┼────┼─────────┤                    
3.I.B.E.         │在標準1秒內火燄點著樣本布面 │         Class 1                                           
Ignited But      │,有著火延燒的情形,可是火燄│                                                            
Extinguished     │自己自行中斷或熄滅                                                                                      
└────────┴──────────────┴────┴─────────┘                    
┌────────┬──────────────┬────┬─────────┐                    
                                     │ 有/否 │                                                                
│ 符           │                      釋   │燃燒時間│      評   級                                          
├────────┼──────────────┼────┼─────────┤                    
B.起毛織物                                                                                                                                 
├────────┼──────────────┼────┼─────────┤                    
4.S.F.P.O.I.     │在標準1秒內火燄點著樣本布面 │         Class 1                                       
Surface Flash   │,沒有著火,只是在點著面上有│                                                           
at Point of      │熔化的現象                                                                                                      
Impingement                                                                                                                               
├────────┼──────────────┼────┼─────────┤                    
5.S.F.B.B.      │在標準1秒內火燄點著樣本布面 │     Class 1:>7(pass)                    
Surface Flash   │,布面及底部一起燃燒而且底部│        Class 2:>4-7                    
and Base Burning│呈焦黑狀或底部燃燒成灰           Class 3:<4(fail)                              
├────────┼──────────────┼────┼─────────┤                    
6.S.F.   │在標準1秒內火燄點著樣本布面 │         Class 1                                             
Surface Flash   │,布面凸起部份燃燒或完全燃燒│                                                           
                 │但是未燃斷固定線                                                                                                     
├────────┼──────────────┼────┼─────────┤                    
7.T.S.F.         │在標準1秒內火燄點著樣本布面 │         Class 1(底部未燃                            
Time Surface    │,布面凸起部份完全燃燒或部份│                )                           
Flash    │燃燒同時燒斷固定線                                                                                            
├────────┼──────────────┼────┼─────────┤                    
8.T.S.F.B.B.    │在標準1秒內火燄點著樣本布面 │      Class 1:>7(pass)                    
Time Surface     │,布面突起部分完全燃燒且燒斷│   Class 2:4-7  *                            
Flash and Base  │固定線                                   Class 3:<4(fail)                                            
Burning                                                                                                                                       
└────────┴──────────────┴────┴─────────┘                    
* 一般由廠商決定判failpass                                                                        
:                                                                                                 
1.若玩具或玩具包裝上未標示玩具可洗滌者,則無需進行乾洗/水洗之過程。                                
2.當取經32測試,如有燃燒則再加取危險方向5片測試,共10個數據不需作乾洗/水洗。                     
3.當取原樣經32測試時未燃燒則必需做乾洗/水洗後經32                                            
  紡織品外之其他固體                                                                                
16 CFR CHII SECTION 1500. 44                                                                        
METHOD FOR DETERMING EXTREMELY                                                                      
FLAMMABLE AND FLAMMABLE SOLIDS                                                                      
A.要求                                                                                              
  玩具或其配件所使用之硬質或軟質固體材料其沿主軸之燃燒率依                                          
1500.44方法應不超0.1inch/sec.                                                                       
B.方法︰                                                                                            
  a.試樣準備︰                                                                                      
1.粉狀、粒狀、糊狀樣品︰                                                                            
將樣品填入一平坦長方形金屬容器內(6 inch x 1 inch x inch)。                                        
2.硬質或軟質固體︰                                                                                  
量其物質之大小尺寸,將其主軸以水平方向擺,且以任何金屬環來支撐,                                    
同時讓樣品儘可能的暴露。                                                                            
b.方法︰                                                                                            
1.將樣品置於通風櫥內,並將通風櫥之進囗關閉。(溫度保持68-                                         
 88℉)。                                                                                        
2.手持點著的蠟燭(直徑至少1 inch)於樣品長軸之邊緣,使火燄觸及樣                                    
品之瞬間,開始計時5秒或至樣品已自行燃燒(視二者何者為先)才將蠟                                     
燭移開。                                                                                            
3.當火已沿樣品燃燒完畢或燃燒計時至60秒,手持二氧化碳之滅火器或類                                    
似之滅火設備將樣品撲滅。                                                                            
4.量取燃燒長度及燃燒時間,並以下列公式計算燃燒速率︰                                                
   L(inch)                                                                                          
  ────                                                                                          
   T(sec)                                                                                           

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