──────────────────                                                                

ASTM F 963-91                                                                                       

4.2節──玩具耐燃性要求                                                                             

──────────────────                                                                

（Flammability Requirements）                                                                       

凡是玩具或玩具配件使用之材料均需符合下列要求︰                                                      

A.紡織品材料︰                                                                                      

  玩具或玩具配件所使用之紡織材料依照16 CFR Section 1610之要求。                                     

B.紡織品外其他材料︰                                                                                

  玩具或玩具配件所使用之硬質或軟質固體材料，依照16 CFR Section                                      

1500.3(c)(6)(iv)之要求。                                                                            

前言︰                                                                                              

  所有紡織品不論是天然的或合成纖維，皆為易燃物。                                                    

  因此，當這些易燃的紡織品成衣料穿在人們身上，若不幸燃燒時就會對                                    

人造成傷害。也因為如此，我們擔心當它做成玩具時，不幸燃燒而對小孩                                    

也會造成傷害。                                                                                      

紡織品類耐燃性試驗                                                                                  

16 CFR CHII PART 1610-STANDARD                                                                      

FOR THE FLAMMABILITY OF CLOTHING                                                                    

TEXTILE                                                                                             

A.目的                                                                                              

  減少因燃燒而造成的意外傷害及生命損失，同時以燃燒之等級來分，以                                    

便使大家知道該如何防範較具危險性的紡織品。                                                          

B.範圍                                                                                              

  一般紡織品皆適用此方法，但是帽子、手套、襪子以及做為裡襯的布織                                    

物（interlining fabric）不適用。                                                                    

C.等級                                                                                              

  (a)Class 1-Normal flammability 正常燃燒︰                                                         

  原文︰(1)Textile without nap, pile, tufting,flock or other                                        

type of raised-fiber surface.（平面織物）                                                           

  中譯︰當洗前或經過乾洗以後，其燃燒時間必須大於、等於4秒或不著                                     

火。                                                                                                

  原文︰(2)Napped, pile,tufting,flocking or other textile having                                    

a raised-fiber surface.（起毛織物）                                                                 

  中譯︰當洗前或經過乾洗以後，其燃燒時間必須大於7秒或當刷毛部分                                     

燃燒但底層沒燃燒，或火燄著布點熔化。                                                                

  (b) Class 2-Intermediate flammability 中度燃燒︰（介於Class 1                                     

與Class 3 之間）                                                                                    

  (1)起毛織物︰當洗前或經過乾洗以後，其燃燒時間從4秒到7秒之間。                                     

  (c) Class 3-Rapid and intense buring 急速和激烈的燃燒。                                           

�(1)平面織物︰當洗前或經過乾洗以後，其燃燒時間小於4秒。                                            

  (2)起毛織物︰當洗前或經過乾洗以後，其燃燒時間小於4秒且底層也燃                                    

燒。                                                                                                

D.測試方法                                                                                          

  (1)樣品︰分為原樣品應乾洗、水洗後之樣品兩種，每種測試皆取樣品                                     

五個（經向3個，緯向2個）                                                                            

  (2)儀器︰45°防火測試機─Fig 1；刷毛機�Fig 2；                                                   

           乾洗後滾筒及乾洗劑；                                                                             

           烘箱�105℃±5℃；                                                                               

           乾燥器─內含矽膠凝體乾燥劑；                                                                     

           棉線︰經絲光處理柔軟加工之50支白棉線；                                                           

           燃料─丁烷氣體；                                                                                 

           試樣夾─用以固定樣品，其樣品寬長為2〞×6〞（inch）                                               

                  （Fig. 3）。                                                                                     

�(3)程序︰                                                                                         

3.1將試樣貼黏在不銹鋼試樣夾中，若試樣為毛面纖維則需用刷毛機將毛                                     

   向刷立。                                                                                         

3.2裝妥後的試樣放置於105±5℃的烘箱中至少30分鐘。                                                   

3.3取出烘乾後的試樣放置於乾燥器內至少15分鐘。                                                       

3.4打開打烷開關，同時調整火燄至5/8 inch 長。                                                        

3.5取試樣放置在45°的斜板上，掛好固定線，並在其末端吊掛重錘。                                       

  （20 g）。                                                                                        

3.6關上滑門並歸零。                                                                                 

3.7按下接觸鈕，使火燄與試樣進行一秒鐘之接觸。（由乾燥器中取出試                                     

   樣至與火燄接觸之全部程序需在45秒內完成）。                                                       

3.8若試樣易燃，則燃燒的火燄循試樣往上燃燒並燒毀重錘線令其落下此                                     

   時計時器停止計時，並記錄其停止時之秒數。                                                         

3.9其餘之試樣依同法操作。                                                                           

3.10若5片試樣中有燃燒秒數低於4秒（平面纖維製品）或燃燒秒數低於4                                     

    秒（毛面纖維製品）或判定之級數為3級者即失敗，則取其失敗之方                                     

    向5片重新測試。                                                                                 

E.記錄結果及判斷                                                                                    

┌────────┬──────────────┬────┬─────────┐                    

│                 │   　　　　　　　　　　　      │ 有／否 │                    │                                            

│　符       號　  │   解           釋 　 │燃燒時間│      評　　　級    │                                     

├────────┼──────────────┼────┼─────────┤                    

│A.平面織物       │                               │         │                    │                                                              

├────────┼──────────────┼────┼─────────┤                    

│1.D.N.I.         │在標準1秒內火燄點著樣本布面 │　否       │Class 1             │                              

│Did Not Ignite  │                                │         │                    │                                                           

│                 │                               │         │                    │                                                                       

├────────┼──────────────┼────┼─────────┤                    

│2.B.B.          │在標準1秒內火燄點著樣本布面 │  有    │Class 1:>=4秒(pass│                    

│Base Burn        │，火燄順著布面一直往上延燒，│   │Class 3:<4秒(fail)│                             

│                 │燃燒時間直到停線斷             │         │                    │                                                       

├────────┼──────────────┼────┼─────────┤                    

│3.I.B.E.         │在標準1秒內火燄點著樣本布面 │  否       │Class 1             │                              

│Ignited But      │，有著火延燒的情形，可是火燄│   │                    │                                     

│Extinguished     │自己自行中斷或熄滅             │         │                    │                                            

└────────┴──────────────┴────┴─────────┘                    

┌────────┬──────────────┬────┬─────────┐                    

│                 │   　　　　　　　　　　　      │ 有／否 │                    │                                            

│　符       號   　│   解                   釋 　 │燃燒時間│      評　　　級    │                                      

├────────┼──────────────┼────┼─────────┤                    

│B.起毛織物       │                               │         │                    │                                                              

├────────┼──────────────┼────┼─────────┤                    

│4.S.F.P.O.I.     │在標準1秒內火燄點著樣本布面 │  否       │Class 1             │                          

│Surface Flash   │，沒有著火，只是在點著面上有│    │                    │                                   

│at Point of      │熔化的現象                     │         │                    │                                                    

│Impingement      │                               │         │                    │                                                             

├────────┼──────────────┼────┼─────────┤                    

│5.S.F.B.B.      │在標準1秒內火燄點著樣本布面 │  有    │Class 1:>7秒(pass)│                    

│Surface Flash   │，布面及底部一起燃燒而且底部│        │Class 2:>4-7秒 *  │                    

│and Base Burning│呈焦黑狀或底部燃燒成灰  │         │Class 3:<4秒(fail)│                              

├────────┼──────────────┼────┼─────────┤                    

│6.S.F.   │在標準1秒內火燄點著樣本布面 │  否       │Class 1             │                                

│Surface Flash   │，布面凸起部份燃燒或完全燃燒│    │                    │                                   

│                 │但是未燃斷固定線               │         │                    │                                                         

├────────┼──────────────┼────┼─────────┤                    

│7.T.S.F.         │在標準1秒內火燄點著樣本布面 │  有       │Class 1(底部未燃  │                          

│Time Surface    │，布面凸起部份完全燃燒或部份│        │        燒)       │                    

│Flash    │燃燒同時燒斷固定線             │         │                    │                                                  

├────────┼──────────────┼────┼─────────┤                    

│8.T.S.F.B.B.    │在標準1秒內火燄點著樣本布面 │  有    │Class 1:>7秒(pass)│                    

│Time Surface     │，布面突起部分完全燃燒且燒斷│   │Class 2:4-7秒  *  │                          

│Flash and Base  │固定線                          │         │Class 3:<4秒(fail)│                                            

│Burning          │                               │         │                    │                                                                 

└────────┴──────────────┴────┴─────────┘                    

* 一般由廠商決定判fail或pass                                                                        

註:                                                                                                 

1.若玩具或玩具包裝上未標示玩具可洗滌者，則無需進行乾洗／水洗之過程。                                

2.當取經3緯2測試，如有燃燒則再加取危險方向5片測試，共10個數據不需作乾洗／水洗。                     

3.當取原樣經3緯2測試時未燃燒則必需做乾洗／水洗後經3緯2。                                            

  紡織品外之其他固體                                                                                

16 CFR CHII SECTION 1500. 44                                                                        

METHOD FOR DETERMING EXTREMELY                                                                      

FLAMMABLE AND FLAMMABLE SOLIDS                                                                      

A.要求                                                                                              

  玩具或其配件所使用之硬質或軟質固體材料其沿主軸之燃燒率依                                          

1500.44方法應不超0.1inch/sec.                                                                       

B.方法︰                                                                                            

  a.試樣準備︰                                                                                      

1.粉狀、粒狀、糊狀樣品︰                                                                            

將樣品填入一平坦長方形金屬容器內（6 inch x 1 inch x inch）。                                        

2.硬質或軟質固體︰                                                                                  

量其物質之大小尺寸，將其主軸以水平方向擺，且以任何金屬環來支撐，                                    

同時讓樣品儘可能的暴露。                                                                            

b.方法︰                                                                                            

1.將樣品置於通風櫥內，並將通風櫥之進囗關閉。（溫度保持68℉-                                         

　88℉�）。                                                                                        

2.手持點著的蠟燭（直徑至少1 inch）於樣品長軸之邊緣，使火燄觸及樣                                    

品之瞬間，開始計時5秒或至樣品已自行燃燒（視二者何者為先）才將蠟                                     

燭移開。                                                                                            

3.當火已沿樣品燃燒完畢或燃燒計時至60秒，手持二氧化碳之滅火器或類                                    

似之滅火設備將樣品撲滅。                                                                            

4.量取燃燒長度及燃燒時間，並以下列公式計算燃燒速率︰                                                

   L(inch)                                                                                          

  ────                                                                                          

   T(sec)                                                                                           

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